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Accident in doing a lawful act
Section 18 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, formerly Section 80 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), deals with the concept of accident or misfortune in the context of criminal law.
IPC Section 80
Nothing is an offence which is done by accident or misfortune, and without any criminal intention or knowledge in the doing of a lawful act in a lawful manner by lawful means and with proper care and caution.
Illustrations: A is at work with a hatchet; the head flies off and kills a man who is standing by. Here, if there was no want of proper caution on the part of A, his act is excusable and not an offence.
Example: Vijay, while driving carefully and within speed limit, accidentally hits a pedestrian who suddenly moved in front of his car. Here, Vijay has committed no crime, as he was following all traffic rules and had no intention to hit anyone.
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