BNS Section 166

BNS section 166, within the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, deals with the abetment of insubordination by a member of the armed forces.  Whoever abets what he knows to be an act of insubordination by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army, Navy or Air Force, of the Government of India, shall, if such act of insubordination be committed in consequence of that abetment, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.

Key Points:
Offense of Abetment of Insubordination:
Abetment refers to encouraging, supporting, or assisting someone in committing an offense. In this case, it involves helping or motivating a member of the armed forces (Army, Navy, or Air Force) to commit an act of insubordination.
Insubordination means disobeying orders or defying authority of a superior officer in the military services.

Application to Armed Forces Personnel:
This section applies to officers, soldiers, sailors, and airmen in the Indian Armed Forces.
The abettor must know that their actions are encouraging the insubordination of the military personnel.

Condition of Punishment:
The offense of abetment under this section is only punishable if the act of insubordination actually occurs as a result of the abetment. In other words, the person who is abetted must commit the disobedient act, and the abettor must have caused or supported it.

Punishment:
If the act of insubordination is committed due to the abetment, the abettor may face:
Imprisonment: Up to two years.
Fine: A monetary penalty may also be imposed.
Both: The court may order a combination of imprisonment and a fine depending on the severity of the offense.

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